You may have seen people on social media spritzing hypochlorous acid on their faces, bedding, countertops, and dog blankets. They say the substance can treat skin conditions, like acne, and sanitize surfaces.
Does it live up to the hype? Doctors say they’re on to something.
Hypochlorous acid, or HOCl, is a weak acid that your body naturally produces on its own. But it’s also an ingredient in several skincare sprays and cleaning products.
The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of HOCl mean it can fight germs, calm the skin, and treat wounds without being irritating, says Dr. Howard Sobel, a cosmetic dermatologic surgeon at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. “It’s powerful, but gentle.”
Here’s what to know about hypochlorous acid, its benefits, and how and when to use it.
What is hypochlorous acid?
Your body’s white blood cells naturally produce hypochlorous acid as part of its immune system response to bacteria or other pathogens, says Dr. Marisa Garshick, a dermatologist in New York City.
But HOCl is also manufactured, with scientists using electrolysis to break down saltwater solutions, according to the Cleveland Clinic. It’s now mass-produced and found in skincare products, including sprays and serums, as well as disinfectants.
“It is a powerful antimicrobial agent capable of killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and also has anti-inflammatory properties,” Garshick says. “Due to its effective yet gentle nature, it has been used in various medical and skincare applications, including wound care, disinfecting, and treating skin conditions.”
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While it’s having a trendy moment, HOCl has been safely used as a disinfectant and skin treatment for more than a century, adds Dr. Brintha Vasagar, a family physician in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It also gained attention a few years ago for its potential to kill the virus that causes COVID on surfaces.
As a weak acid, it can kill bacteria and viruses and quell inflammation without irritating the skin. It’s also safe as a mild disinfectant for surfaces and other household items, Vasagar says.
The skincare benefits of hypochlorous acid
Its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties eliminate bacteria, viruses, and fungi on the skin, which can kill infections and treat conditions like acne and eczema, Garshick says.
“At the same time, it calms irritation, reduces redness, and helps repair the skin’s barrier,” she explains. “This dual action is important because it creates a balanced environment on the skin that supports overall skin health and healing without causing irritation.”
Garshick suggests using HOCl post-workout to cleanse the skin and calm inflammation caused by sweat or friction, or as part of your daily skincare routine.
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The acid treats skin issues without disrupting the skin barrier, Sobel says. Its gentle nature means it’s often well-tolerated by people with sensitive skin, Garshick adds.
“It’s especially valuable if you can’t tolerate traditional acne treatments, have inflammatory skin conditions, need wound-healing support, or want a simple, effective product for sensitive skin,” she says.
Are there other benefits?
Along with skincare, HOCl can be used for basic wound care and disinfecting surfaces, Vasagar says.
The acid can speed up wound healing and repair skin damage all while being gentle on the skin, Garshick says. She also recommends it for burns and bug bites.
Small studies have found that HOCl can kill bacteria and viruses on surfaces, and it’s safer on the skin and around pets and children than stronger chemicals like bleach, Vasagar says. An older study from 2007 suggests that HOCl can kill some bacteria more quickly than bleach, too.
As a disinfectant, HOCl can be used on household surfaces, objects, and textiles.
Are there any downsides to hypochlorous acid?
HOCl is safe and easily tolerated for most people, Garshick says. Still, she suggests being cautious when using any new product.
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Some people could have an allergic reaction to it, says Vasagar, who recommends testing the product on a small patch of skin before using it on large areas of your body. Strong HOCl concentrations or products with fragrance or additional ingredients could irritate the skin.
The acid can be drying for some people’s skin, Sobel adds, and some find it to be mildly tingly when they apply it.
How to use hypochlorous acid
Apply HOCl after cleansing your skin but before serums or moisturizers, Garshick says. Spray it on clean skin, and let it dry before applying the next products. For liquid solutions, dab it onto clean skin with a cotton pad.
“Spray forms are often used because they provide an easy and convenient option for on the go,” she says. “You can apply it mid-day over makeup, post-workout, or as needed throughout the day.”
For most people, HOCl is “safe to use every day. It is not irritating and safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin,” Garshick adds. Start with once or twice a week, then increase to two to three times a day as tolerated, Sobel suggests.
Look for HOCl products that are free of extra ingredients, such as alcohol and fragrances, which can be irritating, especially if you have sensitive skin, Sobel adds. Research suggests products with a low acid concentration (0.01% to 0.02%) and a pH between 4 and 6 are most effective.
“Hypochlorous acid can be a helpful addition for calming inflammation, reducing acne-causing bacteria, and supporting skin healing, but choosing a thoughtfully formulated product is key to getting those benefits,” Garshick says.
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